China Southern Power Grid (CSG) invests in, constructs and operates power grids in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan, Hong Kong and Macao SARs and South-East Asian countries Its 1 million km2 power supply area serves 272 million people. The company is a leader in ultrahigh-voltage direct current and voltage source converter–high-voltage direct current (HVDC). With a grid spanning 2,000 kilometres, CSG is connected to hydro, coal, nuclear, gas, wind, solar, biomass, pumped storage and new energy storage power sources. In 2023, its international trade volume reached 70,712 GWh, electricity sales 1,348,300 GWh and an operating income of 842.6 billion yuan ($116.7 billion).