1993-2000 and 2002-2005, Senior Researcher, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). 2000-2001, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Norway. 2005-2013, successively Deputy Minister of Defence, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minster of Defence, and until October 2013, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Norway. 2014-16, Managing Director and Member of the Managing Board, World Economic Forum, Geneva. 2014-17, United Nations Special Adviser on Cyprus, facilitating negotiations aiming at reunifying the divided island. 2017-2021, Member of the Norwegian Parliament, Labour spokesperson on Energy, Climate and Environment. 2013-2021, Board member, and since 2019, Chair of the Board of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue in Geneva. Since 2021, Minister of Climate and Development in Norway. President of the Fifth UN Environment Assembly, which agreed to negotiate a legally binding treaty to end plastic pollution.