1983, Bachelor's in Government and Asian Studies, Dartmouth College; 1985, Master's in International Economics and East Asian Studies, Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies. Formerly: studied Japanese and Chinese and has lived in East Africa, India, Thailand, China, and Japan; with Kissinger Associates; 1988, with US Treasury, worked in three administrations for five Secretaries of US Treasury; 1999-2001, Undersecretary, Treasury for International Affairs; 2001-03, Director, Policy Development and Review Department, International Monetary Fund; 2003, President and Chief Executive Officer, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, including Vice-Chairman and Permanent Member, Federal Open Market Committee, a group responsible for formulating US monetary policy. Since January 2009, current position.