1971-72, Teacher, Uganda; 1980-86, Journalist, The Times, reporting on the Middle East and Africa; 1986-95, Africa Editor, The Independent, then Africa Editor, The Economist; since 2002, Director, Royal African Society. Made several TV films on Africa. Writes and lectures on African issues and commentates on African affairs on the BBC, Al Jazeera, CNN, Sky News and other broadcast media. Author, Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles (2008).