BA, Union College, US; PhD in Chemistry, University of Illinois. Co-Founder and Member of the Board: Biogen, now Biogen Idec; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; Magen Biosciences: Currently, Institute Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Member: National Academy of Sciences; Institute of Medicine. Recipient of awards: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for work on molecular biology of gene expression relevant to cancer and mechanisms of RNA splicing (1993); National Medal of Science and Inaugural Double Helix Medal for Scientific Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.