1987, Master's in Economics, Graduate School, People's Bank of China (PBC). 1990-91, Associate Research Fellow, International Monetary Fund, Department of External Affairs, PBC; 1991-96, Deputy Chief, Division then Chief, Division, Asian Development Bank, Department of International Financial Organization, PBC; 1996-99, Deputy Managing Director, China Office, Asian Development Bank, Manila; 1999-2000, Chief Representative, PBC Representative Office for Europe; 2000-04, Deputy Director-General, International Department, PBC; 2004-05, President, Fuzhou Central Branch and PBC President, Fujian Branch, State Administration of Foreign Exchange; 2005-06, Director-General, Anti-Money Laundering Bureau, PBC; since 2007, current position.