1974, MSc and 1984, Doctorate, Stockholm School of Economics. Former Teacher and Researcher, Stockholm School of Economics. 1984-92, various positions in the Swedish Ministry of Finance, including Director-General and Head, Economic Affairs Department. 1992, Chief Economist, Handelsbanken. 1995, Deputy Governor, then Governor, Swedish Central Bank. 2006, Swedish Member, European Court of Auditors, the external auditing organization of the European Union. Since 2011, Executive Director, Nobel Foundation, responsible for the financing of the Nobel Prize. Former Member: General Council, European Central Bank; Board of Directors, Bank of International Settlements (BIS). Former Swedish Governor, International Monetary Fund. Has held board positions in companies, university departments, think tanks and government agencies. Member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering. Author of several books, numerous articles in professional journals. Has participated actively in Swedish and European economic policy debate. Honorary Doctor, Umeå School of Business and Gustavus Adolphus College, Minnesota. Recipient, H.M. the King’s Medal at the highest level. Interests: international and European affairs, financial markets and asset allocation, economic policy, science, culture and philanthropy.