BSc and MSc in Economics, London School of Economics; 1973, PhD, Princeton University. Formerly: 1973-78, Assistant Professor of Economics, Princeton and Middle East Technical Universities. With the World Bank: Division Chief, Industrial and Trade Strategy; Director, Central European Department; Vice-President, Middle East and North Africa Region; Vice-President, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management. 2002-03, Member, European Constitutional Convention; 2002-05, Member of Turkish Parliament, representing Istanbul; 2005-09, Head, UNDP. Since 2009, current positions. Author of a book and numerous articles on economic policy, trade, European integration and development.