BA in Economics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Member, Spanish Civil Service as Técnico Comercial and Economista del Estado. Formerly: responsible for Spain's relations with the OECD, IMF and the World Bank, also serving as a consultant; various governmental positions, Ministries of the Economy, Finance and Commerce, including 1991-93, Undersecretary of International Economy and Competition and Chairman of the Economic Policy Committee of the European Union; 1993-96, Chief Economist, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria; with Banco Santander as Director of Strategy and Chief Economist, Latin America Division; Member of the Executive Committee, America Division, and Member, Board of Directors, Banco Santiago, Chile, Banco Santander Colombia, Banco Santander Puerto Rico, Banco Santander Perú and Banco Venezuela. Chief Economist and General Manager, Research Department, Inter-American Development Bank. Former Columnist, "Butaca de Patio", Expansión. Regular contributor, El País.