BSc in Agriculture, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture, Grignon-Paris, France; MSc in Tropical Agronomy, Ecole Nationale d'Application d'Agronomie Tropicale, Nogent-Paris; DPhil in Social Sciences of Rural Sector, Agricultural Economics, Faculté de Droit et de Sciences Economiques, Sorbonne, Paris. 1963-64, Director, European Office and Agricultural Programme, Marketing Board, Paris and Dakar; 1965-71, Executive Secretary, African Groundnut Council, Lagos; 1971-77, Executive Secretary, West Africa Rice Development Association, Monrovia; 1978-83, Secretary of State for Science and Technology, Senegal; 1983-84, Member of Parliament, Senegal, Chairman and Secretary elect, Parliamentary Foreign Relations Committee. Chairman, Parliamentary Friendship Group, Senegal-UK and Member of Parliament, Senegambian Federation; 1984-85, Adviser to President and Regional Director, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa; 1985-90, Secretary-General and 1990-91, Special Adviser to Governor, Central Bank of West African States, Dakar; 1991-93, Ambassador of Senegal to UN, New York; since 1994, current position. Recipient of numerous awards.