Master's in Law. 1978-79, postgraduate studies, Department of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Normal University; 1979-81, postgraduate studies, UN Interpreter and Translator Training Course, Beijing Institute of Foreign Languages; 1986-87, postgraduate studies, Johns Hopkins University, US. With Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 1987-96, Deputy Office Director, Office Director and Counsellor, Department of International Organizations and Conferences; 1996-97, Deputy Director-General and Spokesperson, Information Department; 1997-99, Minister Counsellor, Permanent Mission of China to UN; 1999-2001, Deputy Executive Director-General, Policy Research Office; 2001-03, Director-General, Policy Research Office; 2003-06, Director-General, Department of Asian Affairs; 2006-07, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs; 2007-09, Ambassador of China to Japan; since 2009, current position, responsibilities include North America and Oceania.