1978, BA then 1980, LLB, University of Cape Town; 1981, LLM, University of Sydney; 1988, PhD, London School of Economics and Political Science. 1984, Attorney, practised in Johannesburg specializing in labour and land rights law; 1994, Associate Professor, University of Cape Town; 1994-2009, Judge, Constitutional Court, including Member of Library, Building and Website committees; since 2008, Chairperson, United Nations Internal Justice Council. Acting Judge, Namibian Supreme Court. Member, Administrative Tribunal, International Monetary Fund. Honorary Professor, University of Cape Town. Visiting Professor, University of Oxford. Recipient of honorary doctorates and since 2009, honorary Foreign Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Since 1997, honorary Consulting Editor, South African Law Reports. Member of the editorial board, several South African legal publications. Trustee, several non-governmental organizations in field of human rights.