Degree in Industrial Sociology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. More than 30 years' experience in international human and labour rights. Founder of an institute that provided research and training services to trade unions and civil society groups. Forced into exile in May 1987 after long periods of solitary confinement and torture. 1988-94, joined the International Labour Organization (ILO), responsible for its Program of Action against Apartheid, Geneva; 1994-96, Labour Attaché, South African Permanent Mission to the United Nations, Geneva. 1996, returned to the ILO, working on labour relations issues in 25 zone-operating countries and established a Swiss-funded project to improve labour relations in Special Economic Zones in China. Currently, President and CEO, Fair Labor Association. Served two terms as President, National Union of South African Students. Co-author of a book that called for trade union rights for black workers (1976).