Professor of economics in the field of political economy and history of economic thought. Lecturer at academic institutions, inter alia, the Warsaw School of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Inter-University Centre of Postgraduate Studies in Dubrovnik, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Missouri, University of Kansas, as well as the Institut Supérieur de Gestion. 1991-2001, held posts in public and government administration, among others, as Minister of Construction and Spatial Planning, Minister of Foreign Economic Relations, Deputy to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and Senator of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. 2009, Economic Adviser to President of the Republic of Poland. 2010, appointed to the Monetary Policy Council for a six-year term. Since 21 June 2016, President of Narodowy Bank Polski.