Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) is an independent research institution founded in 1930 in Princeton, New Jersey, to promote curiosity-driven scholarship across the humanities and sciences. Established through a gift from Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld, the Institute comprises four Schools—Historical Studies, Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Social Science—and hosts around 200 visiting scholars each year alongside its permanent faculty. Without degree programmes or teaching obligations, IAS provides scholars with the freedom and time to pursue fundamental research, and has been home to numerous Nobel Laureates and leading thinkers in science and the humanities.