Bernardin Akitoby is Division Chief for the Fiscal Operations II division (Europe, Asia and pacific, Francophone and Lusophone Africa) in the Fiscal Affairs Department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Before joining the IMF, he worked in the World Bank’s Research Department and taught at the University of Montreal and the National University of Benin. He has published extensively in academic journals and authored/co-authored a number of book chapters. He led the IMF policy paper on “Reassessing the Role and the Modalities of Fiscal Policy in Advanced Economies”, which investigates how the 2008–09 financial crisis have changed economists’ and policymakers’ views on fiscal policy. He is also the co-editor of the book Oil Wealth in Central Africa: Policies for Inclusive Growth, published by the IMF. He holds a PhD in economics from the University of Montreal and degrees in business administration, finance, and accounting.