1981, BA in Social Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico de Mexico; 1986, MA in Public Policy, School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin; 1995, PhD in Political Science, Georgetown University. 1989-90, Deputy Director, North American Desk, Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 1991, Professor of International Relations, US-Mexican Relations, US Political Process and Mexican Foreign Policy; since 1991, Founder, Chair and Professor, Department of International Studies, ITAM; 1994, Research Director, North American Committee; 1996, Visiting Researcher, Norman Patterson School of International Relations, Carleton University, Canada; 1997, Visiting Fellow, Center for Latin American Studies, Georgetown University; 1998-99, Visiting Fellow, Brookings Institution; 2008-11, Foreign Policy Adviser to the President of Mexico. Editor, Foreign Affairs Latinoamerica.