PhD in Political Science, Columbia University, US. Former: Chair, Political Science Department, Columbia University; Director, Middle East Institute, Columbia University. Chair, Social Science Research Council. Member Emeritus, Human Rights Watch. Member, Council on Foreign Relations. Author of publications, including: Pursuing Truth, Exercising Power: Social Science and Public Policy in the Twenty-first Century (2003). Honorary Doctor of Laws, Monmouth University (2002). Expertise: state formation, regime change, economic and political development in the Middle East.