PhD in History, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne; Research Master's in Development Studies, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. 1988, joined the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as a Development Economist; and occupied various leadership positions including, Head of UNDP's Bureau for Development Policy; UN Resident Coordinator in Zimbabwe and Brazil. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan Political Director: Executive Director, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Geneva and concurrently, Director of UN System Staff College, Turin; Executive Secretary, Economic Commission for Africa and UN Undersecretary-General (2012-2016). Currently Prof at Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape Town and Visiting Professor, Sciences Po Paris. A member of the African Union Reform Team led by President Paul Kagame and the organization's High Representative for Partnerships with Europe. Has published extensively. Latest book "africa in Transformation. Economic development in the age of doubt" (Palgrave McMillan, 2019).