Five Turkish industry giants (Anadolu Grubu , BMC, Kök Grubu, Turkcell, Zorlu Holding) and the largest non-governmental organization in Turkey (the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB)) combined their forces in 2018 to establish Turkey’s Automobile Joint Venture Group (TOGG) to pursue the creation of a brand with national intellectual property rights and that will compete in the global arena.