Founded in 1977 as the Saudi Arabian National Center for Science and Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) is a national research and innovation institution headquartered in Riyadh. It plays a central role in advancing Saudi Arabia’s science, technology and innovation ecosystem, supporting applied research, technology localisation and national development. KACST conducts research across energy, aerospace, communications, biotechnology, nanotechnology and sustainable technologies, and manages technology parks, incubators and key national programmes. Through partnerships with government, industry and academia, it fosters innovation that contributes to the Kingdom’s economic diversification and knowledge economy.